format-version: 1.0 date: 18:11:2007 11:42 saved-by: Helen auto-generated-by: OBO-Edit 1.101 default-namespace: default_namespace [Term] id: TADS:0000000 name: adult capitulum def: "Anterior region of the body that contains the palps, chelicerae and hypostome. Capable of dorsal to ventral flexing motion. Homologous with the gnathosoma of mites. The capitulum articulates with the body via a cavity, the camerostome. The capitulum is located at the anterior end of the body in ixodid ticks and the larvae of many argasid ticks. It is located ventrally or subterminal, obscured by an overhang of the anterior end of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-7; Fig. 2-8; Fig. 2-9; Fig. 2-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Gnathosoma" [] xref_analog: ISBN:0-19-505910-7 is_a: TADS:0000603 ! organism subdivision [Term] id: TADS:0000001 name: adult body def: "The adult body is the region that includes the prosoma and the opisthosoma." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-2; Fig. 2-3; Fig. 2-4; Fig. 2-5; Fig. 2-6; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. xref_analog: ISBN:0-19-505910-7 is_a: TADS:0000603 ! organism subdivision [Term] id: TADS:0000002 name: adult leg def: "Ticks have 4 pairs of walking legs as adults and nymphs (only 3 pair occur in larvae). Each leg consists of 6 segments, the coxa, trochanter, femur, patella, tibia and tarsus. The tarsus of each leg bears an apotele comprising the claws and the pulvillus (the latter is absent in most argasid tick nymphs and adults). A complex sensory organ, Haller's organ, is located on the dorsal surface of the tarsus of leg I." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-20; Fig. 4-21; Fig. 4-22; Fig. 4-23; Fig. 4-24; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000603 ! organism subdivision [Term] id: TADS:0000003 name: adult Palp def: "The paired palps are located on either side of the hypostome and the medially-located chelicerae. Each palp consists of four distinct segment (= articles). In ixodid ticks (Family Ixodidae), the fourth palpal segment is reduced and located in a cavity in the terminal end of segment three. In argasid ticks (Family Argasidae), all four palpal segments are similar in length. The palps provide sensory information about the condition of the host skin in preparation for selecting a site for feeding." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-9; Fig. 2-10; Fig. 4-1; Fig. 4-13; Fig. 4-14; Fig. 4-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000000 ! adult capitulum [Term] id: TADS:0000004 name: Type A single pore multifunctional sensillum def: "Tip-pore setiform sensilla that have dendrites from both mechanosensory and gustatory neurons." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-22; Fig. 15-23; Fig. 15-24; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000007 ! adult Article IV [Term] id: TADS:0000005 name: adult Article III def: "The third segment of the palp. In ixodid ticks (Family Ixodidae), this segment has a depression on its terminal (distal) end where the fourth palpal segment is inserted." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-9; Fig. 2-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000003 ! adult Palp [Term] id: TADS:0000006 name: adult Article II def: "The second segment of the palp." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-9; Fig. 2-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000003 ! adult Palp [Term] id: TADS:0000007 name: adult Article IV def: "The fourth and distal most segment of the palp. In ixodid ticks (Family Ixodidae), this segment is much smaller than the other segments and recessed in a depression of article III. The fourth palpal segment contains a prominent field of small tip-pore sensilla that function as gustatory and gustatory/mechanosensory sensilla (possibly also thermosensory functions). These sensilla provide information about the host skin during the attachment phase of tick feeding." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-9; Fig. 2-10; Fig. 15-22; Fig. 15-24; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000003 ! adult Palp [Term] id: TADS:0000009 name: adult Hypostome def: "The hypostome is an unpaired, elongated projection from the basis capituli that is inserted into the skin when the tick feeds. The hypostome contains recurved denticles (teeth) on ventral surface and a narrow channel, the food canal (= hypostomal gutter) on itsdorsal surface." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-1; Fig. 4-2; Fig. 4-13; Fig. 4-14; Fig. 4-16; Fig. 7-1; Fig. 7-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000000 ! adult capitulum [Term] id: TADS:0000010 name: Type B single pore chemosensory sensillum def: "Setiform tip-pore sensilla that have dendrites from gustatory neurons. These sensilla are believed to function as tastereceptors." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-22; Fig. 15-23; Fig. 15-24; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000007 ! adult Article IV [Term] id: TADS:0000011 name: adult hypostomal corona def: "The field of tiny denticles at the anterior end of the hypostome." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] related_synonym: "Hypostomal tip denticles" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000009 ! adult Hypostome [Term] id: TADS:0000012 name: adult hypostomal recuved denticle def: "The hypostome is armed with numerous recurved denticles (= teeth) that project posteriorly. The denticles are arranged in rows,typically two or three on either side of the center line indicated by the food canal. The number of rows and number of denticles in arow provide useful characters for taxonomic separation of species." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-1; Fig. 4-2; Fig. 4-13; Fig. 4-14; Fig. 4-16; Fig. 7-1; Fig. 7-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Teeth" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000009 ! adult Hypostome [Term] id: TADS:0000013 name: adult chelicera def: "The chelicerae are the cutting organs used by the tick to penetrate the host's skin. Each chelicera consists of a base, a shaftand the cutting digits, both internal and external digits. The chelicerae are covered with a spinose sheath. The chelicerae are retractable." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-1; Fig. 7-2; Fig. 7-6; Fig. 7-11; Fig. 15-25; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000000 ! adult capitulum [Term] id: TADS:0000014 name: adult preoral canal def: "Food channel through which blood is sucked and/or saliva is delivered." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-5; Fig. 7-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Food canal" [] related_synonym: "Hypostomal gutter" [] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000009 ! adult Hypostome relationship: part_of TADS:0000186 ! adult foregut [Term] id: TADS:0000015 name: adult outer cheliceral sheath def: "Spinose sheath covering the cheliceral shafts but not the digits. Fuses with the dorsal covering or tectum." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-5; Fig. 7-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000013 ! adult chelicera [Term] id: TADS:0000016 name: adult inner cheliceral sheath def: "Delicate inner membrane surrounding the shaft of the chelicera." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-5; Fig. 7-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000013 ! adult chelicera [Term] id: TADS:0000017 name: adult cheliceral hood def: "Delicate membraneous sheath that can be withdrawn to expose the cheliceral digits." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000013 ! adult chelicera [Term] id: TADS:0000018 name: adult cheliceral base def: "Bublous area at the junction of the capitulum and the body which contains the muscles that move the cheliceral digits." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-5; Fig. 7-11; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000013 ! adult chelicera [Term] id: TADS:0000019 name: Basis capituli def: "Major region of the junction of the capitulum with the body that encloses the cheliceral shafts and cheliceral bases; alsoincludes the pharynx and the salivary ducts." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-1; Fig. 4-13; Fig. 4-14; Fig. 4-16; Fig. 7-2; Fig. 7-3; Fig. 7-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000000 ! adult capitulum [Term] id: TADS:0000020 name: adult tectum def: "Roof of the basis capituli that fuses with the outer cheliceral sheaths; also encloses the pharynx, pharyngeal dilater muscles,pharyngeal constrictor muscles and the salivary gland ducts." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-5; Fig. 7-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000019 ! Basis capituli [Term] id: TADS:0000021 name: Internal cheliceral muscles def: "Muscles that move the cheliceral digits." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-11; Fig. 7-13; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000013 ! adult chelicera [Term] id: TADS:0000022 name: adult flexor tendon of cheliceral digit def: "Flexes inner digit in the lateral direction." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-19; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000013 ! adult chelicera [Term] id: TADS:0000023 name: adult extensor tendon of cheliceral digit def: "Extends (straightens) inner cheliceral digits towards the midline." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-19; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000013 ! adult chelicera [Term] id: TADS:0000024 name: adult inner cheliceral digit def: "Large, spiny anterior-most segment of the chelicera that contains cutting spines cutting into the skin of the host." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-17; Fig. 4-18; Fig. 15-25; Fig. 15-26; Fig. 15-27; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Internal article" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000013 ! adult chelicera [Term] id: TADS:0000025 name: adult outer cheliceral digit comment: Fig. 4.-17; Fig. 4-18; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Adult external article" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000013 ! adult chelicera [Term] id: TADS:0000026 name: adult medial spine of inner cheliceral digit def: "The large, sharp tooth on the inner digit." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7.] comment: Fig. 4.-17; Fig. 4-18; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000024 ! adult inner cheliceral digit [Term] id: TADS:0000027 name: adult article I def: "The basal segment (=article) of the palp that is attached to the basis capituli." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-9; Fig. 2-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000003 ! adult Palp [Term] id: TADS:0000028 name: adult PS-1 pit sensillum def: "This sensillum is innervated by a single neuron believed to have a thermosensory function." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-27; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Pore sensillum" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000026 ! adult medial spine of inner cheliceral digit relationship: part_of TADS:0000549 ! adult sensory system [Term] id: TADS:0000029 name: adult PS-2 pit sensillum def: "Gustatory chemosensory sensillum innervated by 11 chemosensory dendrites." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-27; in Biology of Ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000026 ! adult medial spine of inner cheliceral digit relationship: part_of TADS:0000549 ! adult sensory system [Term] id: TADS:0000030 name: adult salivarium def: "Space bounded by the hypostome and chelicerae." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-6; Fig. 7-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000000 ! adult capitulum [Term] id: TADS:0000031 name: adult PSd-1 neuron def: "The PSd-1 neuron is believed to function as a thermosensory neuron." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000028 ! adult PS-1 pit sensillum [Term] id: TADS:0000032 name: adult placoid sensillum def: "Large flat circular plate at the base of the inner cheliceral digit innervated by mechanosensory dendrites. The placoid sensillum is a mechanosensillum." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-29; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Pit organ in Boophilus microplus" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000024 ! adult inner cheliceral digit relationship: part_of TADS:0000549 ! adult sensory system [Term] id: TADS:0000033 name: Cheliceral nerve def: "Nerve within cheliceral digits supply mechanosensory and chemosensory (gustatory) neurons." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-29; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7 relationship: part_of TADS:0000024 ! adult inner cheliceral digit [Term] id: TADS:0000034 name: adult placoid sensillum nerve branch def: "Branch from cheliceral nerve containing mechanosensory dendrites." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-29; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000032 ! adult placoid sensillum [Term] id: TADS:0000035 name: adult PSd-2 nerve branch def: "Branch comprising cluster of 11 chemosensory dendrites from cheliceral nerve to PS-2 pit sensillum." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000029 ! adult PS-2 pit sensillum [Term] id: TADS:0000036 name: adult papal nerve def: "Nerve comprising mechanosensory, chemosensory (mostly gustatory) neurons to palpal sensory field sensilla at the tip of Article IV." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000003 ! adult Palp [Term] id: TADS:0000037 name: adult porose area def: "Paired depressions on dorsal surface of the basis capituli of females containing numerous tiny pores. Function obscure. Believed to supply antioxidants preventing degradation of unsaturated lipids that comprise the waxy secretions supplied by Gene's organ. If the porose areas are blocked, Gene's organ does not function properly." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-1; Fig. 7-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000019 ! Basis capituli [Term] id: TADS:0000038 name: adult scutum def: "Dorsal plate found in all stages of all ixodid ticks; absent in Argasidae. Sclerotized plate for muscle attachment. Covers anterior region of the body in larvae, nymphs and the entire dorsal body surface in males." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-2; Fig. 4-1; Fig. 4-2; Fig. 4-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000039 name: adult labrum def: "Flap like structure covering the roof of the preoral canal. Very short in ixodid ticks but long in argasid ticks and extending over the full length of the preoral canal (hypstomal gutter). In argasid ticks, the labrum can move up and down, thereby separating the blood flowing into the mouth from the saliva expelled above it into the salivarium. In argasid ticks, the labrum is hollow and filled with fluid. This is an adaptation for rapid feeding characteristic of these ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-12; Fig. 7-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000009 ! adult Hypostome relationship: part_of TADS:0000019 ! Basis capituli [Term] id: TADS:0000040 name: adult mouth def: "Opening found at the junction of the preoral canal and the anterior pharygneal valve (opening of the pharynx)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-5; Fig. 7-6; Fig. 7-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Adult buccal cavity" [] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space is_a: TADS:0000597 ! simple organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000019 ! Basis capituli relationship: part_of TADS:0000186 ! adult foregut [Term] id: TADS:0000041 name: adult epistome def: "Plate for attachment of dorsal dilator muscle of the pharynx." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Subcheliceral plate" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000019 ! Basis capituli [Term] id: TADS:0000042 name: adult pharynx def: "Powerful sucking organ that serves as a sucking pump to suck blood from the host during blood feeding. Surrounded by powerful constrictor and dilator muscles." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-5; Fig. 7-10; Fig. 7-12; Fig. 7-13; Fig. 7-14; Fig. 7-15; Fig. 7-16; Fig. 7-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000598 ! compound organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000019 ! Basis capituli relationship: part_of TADS:0000186 ! adult foregut [Term] id: TADS:0000043 name: adult respiratory system def: "A system of tracheal trunks and anastomosing tracheae that extend throughout the body, capitulum and legs to supply oxygen tothe cells and tissues and remove waste CO2. The tracheae end in tracheoles within the individual tissues. Opens to the exterior via the paired spiracles on the lateral margins of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] related_synonym: "Adult tracheal system" [] is_a: TADS:0000605 ! anatomical cluster [Term] id: TADS:0000044 name: adult atrial chamber def: "The large chamber just below the ostium that connects the subostial space with the tracheal trunks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-3; Fig. 12-4; Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000043 ! adult respiratory system [Term] id: TADS:0000045 name: adult pharyngeal lumen def: "Cavity into which blood flows. Separated from the mouth by the anterior pharyngeal valve and the esophagus by the posterior pharyngeal valve. Tri-radial shaped cavity when collapsed, subcircular when filled with fluid." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-10; Fig. 7-12; Fig. 7-15; Fig. 17-16; Fig. 17-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000042 ! adult pharynx [Term] id: TADS:0000046 name: adult pharyngeal constrictor muscle def: "Bands of striated muscles that surround the pharynx and collapse it, driving blood posteriorly. Constrictor muscles alternate with dilator muscles to effect the characteristic pumping action." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-10; Fig. 7-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000042 ! adult pharynx [Term] id: TADS:0000047 name: adult pharyngeal ventral dilator muscle def: "Bands of striated muscles extending from the ventral internal surface of the basis capituli to the ventral surface of the pharynx. Alternating with constrictor muscles." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 17-10; Fig. 7-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000042 ! adult pharynx [Term] id: TADS:0000048 name: adult pharyngeal dorsal dilator muscle def: "Bands of striated muscles extending from the epistome (subcheliceral plate) of the basis capituli to the dorsal surface of the pharynx. Alternating with constrictor muscles." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-10; Fig. 7-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000042 ! adult pharynx [Term] id: TADS:0000049 name: adult pharyngeal lateral dilator muscle def: "Bands of constrictor muscles extending from the lateral margins of the basis capituli to the pharynx." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000042 ! adult pharynx [Term] id: TADS:0000050 name: adult anterior pharyngeal valve def: "Valve at the anterior end of the pharynx and mouth opening at the end of the preoral canal." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-5; Fig. 7-9; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000042 ! adult pharynx [Term] id: TADS:0000051 name: adult v-shaped wedge def: "V-shaped moveable sructure (wedge) that contributes to opening and closing of the valve by fitting into the mouth at the end of the pre-oral canal, thereby opening or closing the connection to the pharynx. When the wedge is raised, the valve is opened, allowing fluid uptake. When lowered, the valve is closed by collapse of its walls and regurgitation is blocked. Opening and closing of the valve is coordinated with constriction and dilation of the pharynx to propel blood posteriorly and prevent regurgitation." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] related_synonym: "tooth" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000050 ! adult anterior pharyngeal valve [Term] id: TADS:0000052 name: adult alar plate def: "Wing-shaped sclerotized plates for support of muscles controlling the action of the pharyngeal valve, Muscle bundles extendfrom the alae to the subcheliceral plate (epistome) and from the alar surfaces to the ventral side of the basis capituli. Dilator muscles of the pharynx also attach to the alar plates. Operation of the anterior pharyngeal valve is accomplished by the contractionof the dilator muscles inserted on the wing-like alae, thereby raising or lowering the v-shaped wedge. When the wedge is raised,fluid is taken up, when lowered, it projects down into the v-shaped valve, sealing it and prevents backflow." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] related_synonym: "Alae" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000050 ! adult anterior pharyngeal valve [Term] id: TADS:0000053 name: adult internal hypostomal muscle def: "Muscles within the hypostome that extend from the lateral margins to the pre-oral canal (hypostomal gutter) and dilate the channel. Most prominent in argasid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000009 ! adult Hypostome [Term] id: TADS:0000054 name: adult salivary ducts def: "Ducts from the salivary glands to the salivarium. The salivary duct is easily recognized by its banded structure, resembling the taenidia of the trachea, and its connection to the salivary gland. The type I agranular acini are connected directly to the main salivary duct. Intralobular ducts connect at various locations to the main duct, transporting the secretions of the granular acini into the main duct." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-5; Fig. 7-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000019 ! Basis capituli [Term] id: TADS:0000055 name: adult recurrent nerve def: "A nerve that originates in the stomadeal pons of the synganglion and runs alongside the esophagus to a hypoesophageal ganglion adjacent to the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "stomatogastric nerve" [] is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000056 name: adult pharyngeal valve teeth def: "Small teeth on the inner walls of the pharyngeal valve in some ixodid ticks; absent in argasid ticks. When apposed by themoveable v-shaped wedge, the teeth and wedge form a sort of grinding organ." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000050 ! adult anterior pharyngeal valve [Term] id: TADS:0000057 name: adult esophagus def: "Cuticle-lined duct from the end of the pharynx to the midgut. No valve has been found at the exit of the pharynx into theesophagus." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-12; Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-3; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; Fig. 14-7; Fig. 14-8; Fig. 14-16; Fig. 14-17; Fig. 14-18; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000597 ! simple organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000019 ! Basis capituli relationship: part_of TADS:0000186 ! adult foregut [Term] id: TADS:0000058 name: adult dorsal alloscutum def: "Remainder of the dorsal body surface posterior to the scutum. Covered with flexible, grooved cuticle and capable of extensive expansion." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000059 name: adult spiracle def: "Aperture on the ventro-lateral margin of the body. Paired structure located on opposite sides of the body at the same location. In ixodid ticks, the spiracle is located posterior to leg IV and embedded in a large spiracular plate. In argasid ticks, the spiracleis located between legs III and IV, adjacent to a small spiracular plate." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-9; Fig. 4-10; Fig. 12-1; Fig. 12-2; Fig. 12-3; Fig. 12-4; Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000060 name: adult spiracular plate def: "Plate surrounding or adjacent to spiracle on the ventro-lateral margin of the body. Large plate covered with numerous pore-likestructures in ixodid ticks, small pore-like structures in argasid ticks. Located posterior to leg IV in ixodid ticks, posterior toleg III in argasid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-9; Fig. 12-1; Fig. 12-2; Fig. 12-3; Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000059 ! adult spiracle [Term] id: TADS:0000061 name: adult eye Ixodidae def: "Simple eye located on dorso-lateral margin of dorsum, adjacent to the scutum. Paired structure, one on each side of the body. In some species, the eye is located on the lateral margin of the scutum." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-30; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000597 ! simple organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000549 ! adult sensory system [Term] id: TADS:0000062 name: adult eye Argasidae def: "Simple eye located on the ventro-lateral margin of the body between legs III and IV. Paired structure, one on each side of thebody. Not universally present; some species are without eyes." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000597 ! simple organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000063 name: adult foveal pore def: "Paired structure on dorsal body. In females, the foveal pores are located in the alloscutal region just posterior to the scutum. In males, the much smaller foveal pores are located in the middle of the sctum. The foveal pores contain numerous tinyapertures and serve as the site for emission of the sex pheromone, 2,6-dichlorophenol. Absent in Prostriate and argasid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 19-3; Fig. 19-4; Fig. 19-5; Fig. 19-6; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Foveae" [] is_a: TADS:0000591 ! anatomical surface relationship: part_of TADS:0000058 ! adult dorsal alloscutum relationship: part_of TADS:0000064 ! adult foveal gland relationship: part_of TADS:0000108 ! adult integument relationship: part_of TADS:0000395 ! adult foveae dorsales [Term] id: TADS:0000064 name: adult foveal gland def: "Paired multicellular glands connected to the foveal pores by simple ducts. Each gland consists of large cells filled withinnumerable lipid droplets containing sex pheromone, 2,6-dichlorophenol. Site of sex pheromone biosynthesis and secretion during female feeding." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 19-15; Fig. 19-17; Fig. 19-21; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Sex pheromone glands" [] is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000065 name: adult foveal nerve def: "Single sensory nerve innervating the foveal glands." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-21; Fig. 14-22; Fig. 14-23; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000064 ! adult foveal gland [Term] id: TADS:0000066 name: adult anus def: "Pore located in the ventral midline of the body for elimination of fecal and excretory wastes." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-3; Fig. 4-1; Fig. 4-12; Fig. 4-25; Fig. 10-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Anal pore" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000067 name: adult female genital pore def: "Located in anterior ventral midline between the coxae of legs II and III. Location where spermatophores are inserted duringcopulation and from which ova emerge during oviposition. Subtriangular depression in ixodid females; broad, lateral slit in argasidfemales. Opens into the vestibular vagina." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-3; Fig. 2-5; Fig. 4-1; Fig. 4-7; Fig. 16-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Adult female genital aperture" [] related_synonym: "Adult female genital groove" [] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000068 name: adult male genital pore def: "Located in anterior ventral midline between the coxae of legs II and III. Subrectangular structure. Location from which thespermatophores are extruded from the male body during copulation. Covered by a movable flap which opens to allow the spermatophore to emerge." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-3; Fig. 4-8; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000460 ! adult male reproductive system [Term] id: TADS:0000069 name: adult anal groove def: "Groove in the ventral posterior mid-line of the body anterior to the anal pore in the Prostriata but posterior to the anal pore in the Metastriata." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-3; Fig. 4-1; Fig. 4-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000070 name: adult marginal groove def: "Groove that separates the dorsal and ventral regions of the body along the lateral margins. Found only in argasid ticks of thegenus Argas. A margin groove also occurs on the dorsal body surface of females of the genus Ixodes." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000071 name: adult hood def: "Protruding anterior extension of the body in argasid ticks of the genus Ornithodoros that obscures the capitulum in dorsal view." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-6; Fig. 7-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000072 name: adult opisthosoma def: "Region of the body posterior to the leg coxae that bears the spiracles and the anal aperture." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000073 name: adult podosoma def: "Region of the body bearing the legs and the genital pore." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000074 name: adult pregenital plate def: "Sclerotized plate on the ventral surface of the males of the genus Ixodes anterior to the genital pore." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-3; Fig. 4-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Adult sternal plate" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000075 name: adult median plate def: "Slerotized plate on the ventral median region of the body of males of the genus Ixodes. Located posterior to the male genitalpore but anterior to the anal pore." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-3; Fig. 4-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000076 name: adult anal plate def: "Sclerotized plate on the body of the males of the genus Ixodes located posterior to the median plate and surrounding the anal pore." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000077 name: adult adanal plate def: "Sclerotized plate on ventral opisthosomal surface of the males of the genus Ixodes lateral to the anal plate." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000078 name: adult epimeral plate def: "Sclerotized plate on the ventral opisthosomal region of the males of the genus Ixodes. Located along the lateral margin of the body posterior to the spiracular plate." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-3; Fig. 4-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000079 name: adult cheek def: "Paired flap like structures on the anterior ventral surface of the body adjacent to the capitulum of argasid ticks of the genus Ornithodoros." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-6; Fig. 7-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000080 name: adult coxal gland def: "Paired glands located in the ventral anterior region inside the body of adult and nymphal argasid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 10-1; Fig. 10-9; Fig. 10-10; Fig. 10-11; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000598 ! compound organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000162 ! adult excretory system [Term] id: TADS:0000081 name: adult coxal tubule def: "Collecting tubule of each coxal gland. Consists of several regions ending distally in the coxal pore." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 10-9; Fig. 10-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Coxal duct" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000080 ! adult coxal gland [Term] id: TADS:0000082 name: adult coxal pore def: "Tiny pore located on each side of the ventral opithosomal region of the body of argasid ticks between the coxae of legs I andII. Absent in ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-26; Fig. 10-9; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Adult coxal gland aperture" [] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000080 ! adult coxal gland [Term] id: TADS:0000083 name: adult distal tubule of coxal gland def: "Region of the coiled collecting duct within the body of the coxal gland. Connects to the coxal pore." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 10-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000081 ! adult coxal tubule [Term] id: TADS:0000084 name: adult proximal tubule of coxal gland def: "Region of the coiled collecting duct of the coxal gland. Located entirely within the body of the coxal gland and surrounded bythe filtration membrane. Responsible for water and salt elimination and selective ion resorption." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: .. 10-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000081 ! adult coxal tubule [Term] id: TADS:0000085 name: adult coxal gland filtration membrane def: "Highly folded delicate membrane forming the outer surface of the coxal gland of argasid ticks. Invests the interior coiledcollecting ducts in a labyrinthine network. Responsible for ultrafiltration of walter and salts from the hemolymph." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 10-9; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000080 ! adult coxal gland [Term] id: TADS:0000086 name: adult coxal tubule podocyte def: "Cells that form the lining of the coiled collecting duct of the coxal glands." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 10-11; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000083 ! adult distal tubule of coxal gland relationship: part_of TADS:0000084 ! adult proximal tubule of coxal gland [Term] id: TADS:0000087 name: adult foveal duct def: "Ducts of the foveal glands connecting the secretory cells of the foveal glands with the foveal pores in the foveae on the body surface." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 19-15; Fig. 19-16; Fig. 19-20; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Foveal pore tubules" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000064 ! adult foveal gland [Term] id: TADS:0000088 name: adult sensilla auriformia def: "Numerous tiny slit-like pores that occur on the surface of the allocscutum in ixodid ticks. Also occur on the surface of thescutum. These pores function as mechanosensilla." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000038 ! adult scutum relationship: part_of TADS:0000058 ! adult dorsal alloscutum relationship: part_of TADS:0000108 ! adult integument relationship: part_of TADS:0000549 ! adult sensory system [Term] id: TADS:0000089 name: adult setae def: "Hair-like structures that occur all over the body. Most are mechanosensory in function." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 5-1; Fig. 5-8; Fig. 5-9; Fig. 5-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "setiform sensilla" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000003 ! adult Palp relationship: part_of TADS:0000019 ! Basis capituli relationship: part_of TADS:0000038 ! adult scutum relationship: part_of TADS:0000058 ! adult dorsal alloscutum relationship: part_of TADS:0000108 ! adult integument [Term] id: TADS:0000090 name: adult cervical groove def: "Paired grooves located in the median region of the scutum in most ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-2; Fig. 4-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000038 ! adult scutum [Term] id: TADS:0000091 name: adult lateral groove def: "Paired shallow grooves that occur near the lateral regions of the scutum in some prostriate ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-2; Fig. 4-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000038 ! adult scutum [Term] id: TADS:0000092 name: adult lateral carina def: "Ridges located on the lateral sides of the scutum in some ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000038 ! adult scutum [Term] id: TADS:0000093 name: adult camerostome def: "Cavity with elevated margins in the anterior region of the body within which the capitulum is situated." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-6; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Emargination cavity (Ixodidae)" [] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000094 name: adult mammillae def: "Innumerable tiny folds of cuticle on the surface of the body of argasid ticks of the genus Ornithodoros. Presents a granularappearance. Absent in larvae. Absent in ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-4; Fig. 2-20; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000095 name: adult disc def: "Small rectangular plates that occur on the surface of the body of argasid ticks of the genus Argas." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-4; Fig. 2-20; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000096 name: adult post-anal groove def: "Groove located in the ventral median opisthosomal region of the body of some argasid ticks, especially species of the genus Ornithodoros. Extends from the anus to the transverse post-anal groove. Absent in larvae." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Median post-anal groove" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000097 name: adult transverse post-anal groove def: "Groove located near the posterior margin of the ventral opisthosomal region of some species of argasid ticks, especially in the genus Ornithodoros. Intersects with the post-anal groove. Absent in larvae." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-12; Fig. 4-27; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000098 name: adult goblet def: "Numerous semi-transparent structures throughout the surface of the spiracular plate containing aeropyles within each goblet. Absent in argasid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000060 ! adult spiracular plate [Term] id: TADS:0000099 name: adult aeropyle def: "Cavities within the spiracular plate structure represented externally by the goblets. Separated from one another by pedicels." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000098 ! adult goblet [Term] id: TADS:0000100 name: adult pedicel def: "Pillars of cuticle separating the individual air spaces (aeropyles)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000098 ! adult goblet [Term] id: TADS:0000101 name: adult macula def: "Small raised structure adjacent to the ostium." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-1; Fig. 12-2; Fig. 12-3; Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000059 ! adult spiracle [Term] id: TADS:0000102 name: adult ostium of the spiracle. def: "Opening from the atrial chamber of the respiratory system to the exterior. In argasid ticks, pressure from the raised macula closes the ostial aperture." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-9; Fig. 4-10; Fig. 12-3; Fig. 12-4; Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000059 ! adult spiracle [Term] id: TADS:0000103 name: adult scapula def: "Prominent anteriorly protruding spine-like extension of the scutum on either side of the capitulum in some species of ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000038 ! adult scutum [Term] id: TADS:0000104 name: adult marginal body fold def: "Fold along the dorso-lateral margin of the body in some species of ixodid ticks, separated on the medial side by the marginalgroove." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000105 name: adult supracoxal fold def: "Prominent folds on the ventro-lateral margins of argasid ticks adjacent to the leg coxae. The eyes, spiracles and coxal poresare located on the supracoxal folds." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7; Fig. 25. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000106 name: adult festoon def: "Subrectangular areas on the ventral posterior margins of the body of some species of ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-47; Fig. 2-48; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000107 name: adult coxal fold def: "Prominent fold on the ventral surface of the body in some argasid ticks adjacent to the leg coxae." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000108 name: adult integument def: "The body covering consisting of the cuticle and the underlying epidermis." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 5-1, Fig. 5-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000592 ! anatomical system is_a: TADS:0000605 ! anatomical cluster relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000109 name: adult epidermis def: "Tissue that secretes the cuticle. Layer of epithelial cells. Also secretes enzymes that dissolve old cuticle and secrete newcuticle during molting." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 5-1; Fig. 5-2; Fig. 5-13; Fig. 5-14; Fig. 5-15; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000000 ! adult capitulum relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000108 ! adult integument [Term] id: TADS:0000110 name: adult cuticle def: "Dead outer part of the integument made up of primarily of protein and chitin." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 5-1; Fig. 5-2; Fig. 5-3; Fig. 5-4; Fig. 5-5; Fig. 5-6; Fig. 5-7; Fig. 5-13; Fig. 5-14; Fig. 5-15; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Exoskeleton" [] is_a: TADS:0000604 ! acellular anatomical structure relationship: part_of TADS:0000000 ! adult capitulum relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000108 ! adult integument [Term] id: TADS:0000111 name: adult epicuticle def: "Thin (1 - 2 microns) outermost layer of the cuticle composed entirely of protein. This layer is not resorbed during molting butis shed during the molting process and discarded (exuviae or molted skin)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 5-1; Fig. 5-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000110 ! adult cuticle [Term] id: TADS:0000112 name: adult procuticle def: "Region of the cuticle under the epicuticle composed of a mixture of protein and chitin compounds. Resorbed during the ecdysial(molting) process." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 5-1; Fig, 5-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000110 ! adult cuticle [Term] id: TADS:0000113 name: adult dense homogenous layer def: "Consists of numerous microfibrils perpendicular to the cuticular surface forming a striated appearance (as seen with theelectron microscope)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000111 ! adult epicuticle [Term] id: TADS:0000114 name: adult cuticulin layer def: "Thin electron dense layer composed of complex tanned lipoproteins. First layer secreted during cuticle synthesis." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] related_synonym: "Polyphenol layer of epicuticle" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000111 ! adult epicuticle [Term] id: TADS:0000115 name: adult wax layer def: "In ixodid ticks, this is the outermost layer. Secreted by the dermal glands." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000111 ! adult epicuticle [Term] id: TADS:0000116 name: adult cement layer def: "Outermost layer of the epicuticle in argasid ticks. Secreted by the dermal glands. Present only in argasid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000111 ! adult epicuticle [Term] id: TADS:0000117 name: adult dermal glands Type I def: "Glands located in the integument consisting of two or three cells that secrete waxy fluids onto the cuticle via ducts. Most common type of dermal gland. In Argasidae, these glands are believed to secrete the cement layer." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 5-11; Fig. 5-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000108 ! adult integument [Term] id: TADS:0000118 name: adult dermal glands Type II def: "Dermal glands located on the ventro-lateral regionof the body of the males of several African Amblyomma species. The glands comprise two or three enormously enlarged cells. These glands are reported to be the site of biosynthesis and secretion of the bont tick attraction/aggregation/attachment (AAA) pheromone. See also J. Chem. Ecology 17: 833 - 847." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000108 ! adult integument [Term] id: TADS:0000119 name: adult salivary gland def: "Paired glands comprised of clusters of white multicellular acini (lobes) arranged around a common salivary duct. The salivary glands are located in the antero-lateral regions of the body. The salivary glands are among the largest glands in the body. The salivary glands are comprised of two types of acini (alveoli), agranular acini (type I acaini) located near the anterior end of the gland and up to three types of granular acini (types II, III and IV), located in the middle and posterior regions of the gland. Agranular acini open directly into the main salivary duct. The granular acini open into intralobular ducts that ramify among the acini, eventually joining the main salivary duct." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-1; Fig. 8-2; Fig. 8-3; Fig. 8-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000598 ! compound organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000120 name: adult exocuticle def: "Outermost, non-lamellated region of the procuticle." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000112 ! adult procuticle [Term] id: TADS:0000121 name: adult Endocuticle def: "The innermost zone of the procuticle. This region contains numerous lamellae composed of tiny microfibrils. It is permeated by innumerable tiny canaliculi that pass through the endocuticle, forming an anastomosing network of canals." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000112 ! adult procuticle [Term] id: TADS:0000122 name: adult pore canal def: "Tiny submicroscopic or barely microscopic canaliculi normally visible only with the electron microscope. Permeate the endocuticle. Function unknown." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000121 ! adult Endocuticle [Term] id: TADS:0000123 name: adult dermal gland duct def: "Duct from the cells of the dermal gland to the exterior of the cuticle." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000117 ! adult dermal glands Type I relationship: part_of TADS:0000118 ! adult dermal glands Type II [Term] id: TADS:0000124 name: adult dermal gland ampulla def: "Valve-like structure at the junction of the dermal gland duct and the dermal gland cells." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000123 ! adult dermal gland duct [Term] id: TADS:0000125 name: adult sensilla hastiformia def: "Socket-like sensilla, somewhat broader than the sensilla auriformia, that occur on the surface of the alloscutum. Believed to function as strectch receptors." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000058 ! adult dorsal alloscutum relationship: part_of TADS:0000108 ! adult integument relationship: part_of TADS:0000549 ! adult sensory system [Term] id: TADS:0000126 name: adult salivay gand type I acinus def: "Cluster of non-granular cells located along the anterior part of the salivary ducts. Also known as agranular acini. Believed to be responsible for hygroscopic regulation of water balance by direct sorption of atmospheric moisture. Type I acini secrete highlyconcentrated salty solutions into the preoral canal and suck back the dilute solutions, thereby gaining new water." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-5; Fig. 8-6; Fig. 8-7; Fig. 8-8; Fig. 8-9; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Agranular acini" [] related_synonym: "Pyramidal alveoli" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000119 ! adult salivary gland [Term] id: TADS:0000127 name: adult salivary gland type II acini def: "Granular acini clustered around secondary salivay ducts. Do not connect directly to the main salivary duct, but rather connectvia secondary ducts. Type II acini contain three types of granular cells, A, B and C, so-called because of differences in the granules." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000119 ! adult salivary gland [Term] id: TADS:0000128 name: adult salivary gland type III acini def: "A cluster of acini located primarily in the posterior region of the salivary gland, connected via secondary ducts to the mainsalivary gland duct. Comprised of three major cell types, D, E and F cells. According to Jaworski et al (1992), the cement compoundsused to bind the tick mouthparts to the host skin are elaborated in the D and E cells of these acini. Bishop et al (2002) report acement protein from the type E cells of the type III acini in Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. The F cell is transformed during bloodfeeding by membrane infolding to form an enormous labyrinthe system for extracting water and salts from the hemolymph and secreting them into the salivary ducts for excretion back into the host. The type III acini are the primary sites for development of sporozoites of Theileria parva, the agent of East Coast Fever." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000119 ! adult salivary gland [Term] id: TADS:0000129 name: adult salivary gland A cell def: "Type of cell found in the Type II acini of the salivary glands in ixodid ticks. Type A cells contain numerous granules ofunknown function." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000127 ! adult salivary gland type II acini [Term] id: TADS:0000130 name: adult salivary gland B cell def: "Cells found in the Type II acini. Crause et al (1993) reported finding that tick toxin from three species of ixodid ticks wasidentified in these cells by immunocytochemical assay." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000127 ! adult salivary gland type II acini [Term] id: TADS:0000131 name: adult salivary gland C cell def: "Cell type found in the Type II acini of the salivay glands of ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000127 ! adult salivary gland type II acini [Term] id: TADS:0000132 name: adult salivary gland type I central cell def: "Large cell in the center of the acini in direct contact with the main salivary duct. The membrane is folded into a labyrinthine network with the lamellae oriented from the apex to the periphery of the cells. This profusion of densely packed lamellae almost all oriented in the same direction gives the acinus its characteristic foliate or striate appearance when viewed with the light microscope." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Central lamellate cell" [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000126 ! adult salivay gand type I acinus [Term] id: TADS:0000133 name: adult salivary gland type I peripheral cell def: "Large cells located along the peripheral margins of the type I acini. The cytoplasm of the peripheral cells also exhibits anenormous proliferation of lamellate sheets at their hemolymph borders contributing their striate appearance when viewed with the light microscope." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Neck cells" [] related_synonym: "Peripheral lamellate cells" [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000126 ! adult salivay gand type I acinus [Term] id: TADS:0000134 name: adult salivary gland peritubular cell def: "Cells reponsible for secreting the intralobular acinar duct. In type I acini, the acinar duct is extremely short and leads directly into the main salivary duct. Thus the agranular type I acini appear to communicate directly with the main salivary duct. In the type II and type III acini, the acinar duct is bifurcated and communicates with the secondary ducts, not the main salivary duct." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Neck cells" [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000126 ! adult salivay gand type I acinus relationship: part_of TADS:0000127 ! adult salivary gland type II acini relationship: part_of TADS:0000128 ! adult salivary gland type III acini [Term] id: TADS:0000135 name: adult salivary gland intralobular duct def: "Bifurcate ducts from within the acini that coalesce and fuse with the main salivary duct. Salivary fluids from the acini are transported via these secondary ducts to the main salivary duct for transport to the exterior." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Acinar duct" [] related_synonym: "Secondary salivary ducts" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000128 ! adult salivary gland type III acini relationship: part_of TADS:0000138 ! adult salivary gland type IV acini [Term] id: TADS:0000136 name: adult salivary gland granular acini ablumenal cell def: "These cells occur along the outer edges of the type II or type III acini, sandwiched between the much larger granule-filled secretory cells." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-10; Fig. 8-12; Fig. 8-13; Fig. 8-14; Fig. 8-15; Fig. 8-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000127 ! adult salivary gland type II acini relationship: part_of TADS:0000128 ! adult salivary gland type III acini [Term] id: TADS:0000137 name: adult salivary gland granular acini adlumenal interstitial cell def: "Long narrow cells that are situated between the much larger granular secretory cells and extend from the central lumen almost to the periphery of the acinus. During feeding, the adlumenal cells enlarge and function as myoepithelial cells." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000127 ! adult salivary gland type II acini relationship: part_of TADS:0000128 ! adult salivary gland type III acini [Term] id: TADS:0000138 name: adult salivary gland type IV acini def: "A type of granular acinus found only in males of ixodid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000119 ! adult salivary gland [Term] id: TADS:0000139 name: adult salivary gland D cell def: "Cell type found in the type III acini of the salivary gland. Each D cell occurs near the acinar duct and resembles the A cells of the type II acini. The D cells contains heterogenous, compound granules composed of numerous subunits. The D and E cells are believed to secrete the compound or compounds that are a part of the attachment cement ( A 90 kDa protein homologous in part with a smaller protein found in the cement cone)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-10; Fig. 8-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000128 ! adult salivary gland type III acini [Term] id: TADS:0000140 name: adult salivary gland E cell def: "Cell type found in the Type III acini of the salivary glands. This is the dominant cell type found in the Type III acini. These cells are filled with numerous homogeneous granules up to 6 microns in diameter. These granules are composed of numerous densely packed subunits. E cells are also (along with D cells) believed to the site of biosynthesis and secretion of the cement compounds. These cells deplete the granules soon after attachment and gradually atrophy as feeding progresses." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-10; Fig. 8-13; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000128 ! adult salivary gland type III acini [Term] id: TADS:0000141 name: adult salivary gland F cell def: "Cell found in the type III acini of the salivary gland. These cells deplete their granules within two days after attachment. Thereafter, they transform, develop an elaborate basal labyrinth and a huge intra-acinar lumen. They complete their transformation and their fullest development during the period of rapid engorgement. They are now specialized for rapid water and electrolyte secretion which enables the tick to suck huge quantities of blood while eliminating the excess blood meal water." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-10: Fig. 8-13; Fig. 8-14; Fig. 8-15; Fig. 8-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Vacuolar cells" [] related_synonym: "Water cell" [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000128 ! adult salivary gland type III acini [Term] id: TADS:0000142 name: adult midgut lining UDC cell def: "Undifferentiated cells (stem cells) from which all other cell types differentiate during and after feeding." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 9-6; Fig. 9-10; Fig. 9-14; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Stem cells" [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000180 ! adult midgut epithelial lining [Term] id: TADS:0000143 name: adult salivary gland G cell def: "Secretory cells filled with spherical secretion granuls. The secretions of the Type IV acini are believed to contribute somecomponent of the saliva that reduces spermatophore adhesion during copulation so t hat the spermatophore can be transferred to the female genital pore without adhering to other body structures." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000138 ! adult salivary gland type IV acini [Term] id: TADS:0000144 name: adult salivary gland lobular duct def: "Small, secondary ducts that connect the individual granular acini to the main salivary duct." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000127 ! adult salivary gland type II acini relationship: part_of TADS:0000128 ! adult salivary gland type III acini relationship: part_of TADS:0000138 ! adult salivary gland type IV acini [Term] id: TADS:0000145 name: adult salivary gland acinar lumen def: "Temporary lumen that forms in the Type III acinus during the later stages of blood feeding when the F cells transforms and prepares the acinus for water elimination." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 8-10; Fig. 8-17; Fig. 8-18; Fig. 8-19; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000128 ! adult salivary gland type III acini [Term] id: TADS:0000146 name: adult circulatory system def: "System consisting of the heart, aorta, periganglionic sinus, pericardial sinus, dorsal and ventral anterior sinuses and the four pedal arteries." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11.1, 11.2. is_a: TADS:0000592 ! anatomical system is_a: TADS:0000605 ! anatomical cluster [Term] id: TADS:0000147 name: adult heart def: "An elongated thin walled, saclike structure composed of a layer of epithelium and smooth muscle fibers located in the dorsal mid line of the body lying just below the paired dorsal foveae." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000146 ! adult circulatory system [Term] id: TADS:0000148 name: adult pericardial sinus def: "A thin membranous epithelial sac that surrounds heart and separates it from the hemocoel. The pericardial sinus filters the hemolymph that diffuses into the pericardial sinus before entering the heart." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000546 ! adult pericardial septum [Term] id: TADS:0000149 name: adult periganglionic sinus def: "Narrow hemolymph-filled cavity surrounding the synganglion and continuous with the pericardial sinus." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000146 ! adult circulatory system [Term] id: TADS:0000150 name: adult heart pulsatile region def: "Bulbous thickened posterior region of the heart. This is the pulsatile region. The heart muscle is especially thickened here with bands of striated muscle oriented circularly. Constriction of the muscles in this region drives the hemolymph anteriorly." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks. relationship: part_of TADS:0000147 ! adult heart [Term] id: TADS:0000151 name: adult heart anterior region def: "Cone shaped anterior region that fuses with the aorta. In the anterior region, the heart is cone-shaped with the muscles oriented longitudinally. An aortic valve located at the junction between the end of the anterior region and the aorta prevents backflow." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Aortic myocardial zone" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000147 ! adult heart [Term] id: TADS:0000152 name: adult heart ostium def: "Two pairs of ostia occur, two on either side, in the bulbous posterior region. The ostia are surrounded by muscle bandsfascilitating their closure. This prevent backflow when the heart muscles constract." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000147 ! adult heart [Term] id: TADS:0000153 name: adult heart aortic valve. def: "Valve located between the junction of the anterior region of the heart and the aorta. This valve opens when the heart muscles contract, but prevents backflow when the heart relaxes." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000147 ! adult heart [Term] id: TADS:0000154 name: adult aorta def: "Short, muscular tube that connects the heart with the periganglionic sinus." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000146 ! adult circulatory system [Term] id: TADS:0000155 name: adult dorsolateral suspensory muscles of the heart def: "Muscle bands that contribute to dilation of the heart." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000146 ! adult circulatory system relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000156 name: adult ventrolateral suspensory muscles of the heart def: "Muscles that contribute to the dilation of the heart." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000146 ! adult circulatory system relationship: part_of TADS:0000324 ! adult muscular system [Term] id: TADS:0000157 name: adult anterior sinus def: "\"Blood vessel\" that extends from the periganglionic sinus towards the anterior end of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000019 ! Basis capituli relationship: part_of TADS:0000146 ! adult circulatory system [Term] id: TADS:0000158 name: adult pedal artery I def: "Vessel from the periganglionic sinus that surrounds the first pedal nerve trunk." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000146 ! adult circulatory system [Term] id: TADS:0000159 name: adult pedal artery II def: "Vessel from the periganglionic sinus that surrounds the second pedal nerve trunk." [ISBN:05-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000146 ! adult circulatory system [Term] id: TADS:0000160 name: adult pedal artery III def: "Vessel from the periganglionic sinus that surrounds the third pedal nerve trunk." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000146 ! adult circulatory system [Term] id: TADS:0000161 name: adult pedal artery IV def: "Vessel from the periganglionic sinus that surrounds the fourth pedal nerve trunk." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg relationship: part_of TADS:0000146 ! adult circulatory system [Term] id: TADS:0000162 name: adult excretory system def: "In ixodid ticks, this system includes the malpighian tubules, the intestine, the rectal sac, and the anus. In argasid ticks, italso includes the coxal glands." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000605 ! anatomical cluster [Term] id: TADS:0000163 name: adult malpighian tubule def: "A pair of thin-walled extremely long, coiled and folded tubules that extend throughout the body. The wall of the malpighiantubules consists of cuboidal or sub-cuboidal epithelial cells. Each malpighian tubule connects to the rectal sac on its lateralmargins. Responsible for extraction and elimination of nitrogenous waste. Normally, the malpighian tubules are filled withsubspherical guanine crystals which are produced in this location." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 10-1; Fig. 10-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000597 ! simple organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000162 ! adult excretory system [Term] id: TADS:0000164 name: adult hindgut def: "Region of the alimentary system concerned with waste accumulation and water resorption. The hindgut is comprised of the intestine, the rectal sac and the rectum (rectal canal or anal canal)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-1; Fig. 6-2; Fig. 6-3; Fig. 10-1; Fig. 10-2; Fig. 10-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000592 ! anatomical system relationship: part_of TADS:0000162 ! adult excretory system relationship: part_of TADS:0000170 ! adult alimentary system [Term] id: TADS:0000165 name: adult intestine def: "Short thin tube connecting the midgut with the rectal sac. Absent in some species of argasid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 10-1;in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Rectal tube" [] is_a: TADS:0000597 ! simple organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000164 ! adult hindgut [Term] id: TADS:0000166 name: adult rectal sac def: "Large thin-walled organ located in the posterior region of the body. Connected to the midgut by the intestine and to theexterior of the body by the anus. A pair of malpighian tubules connect to the rectal sac on either side. The rectal sac is filled with guanine crystals and fills with hematin and other wastes from the midgut during blood feeding. The hindgut is believed to be responsible for some water and selective salt resorption and may also be responsible for excreting nitrogenous wastes. The rectal sacis a simple sac in ixodid ticks, but bifurcated in argasid ticks." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-1; Fig. 6-2; Fig. 6-3; Fig. 10-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000164 ! adult hindgut [Term] id: TADS:0000167 name: adult rectum def: "Short cuticle-lined tube connecting the rectal sac to the anus (anal pore). The rectal wall consists of a thin layer ofepithelial cells on a delicate basement membrane." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 10-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Anal canal" [] related_synonym: "Rectal canal" [] is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000164 ! adult hindgut [Term] id: TADS:0000168 name: adult malpighian tubule epithelial lining def: "A thin layer of cuboidal cells covered with innumerable microvilli on their lumenal surfaces that forms the inner lining of the malpighian tubules." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 10-4; Fig. 10-5; Fig. 10-7; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000163 ! adult malpighian tubule [Term] id: TADS:0000169 name: adult malpighian tubule outer layer def: "A thin layer of squamous epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells that form the outer wall of the malpighian tubules." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 10-7; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000163 ! adult malpighian tubule [Term] id: TADS:0000170 name: adult alimentary system def: "System comprising the foregut, midgut and hindgut. System for ingesting host blood, digesting it and eliminating wastes fromblood feeding." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000605 ! anatomical cluster [Term] id: TADS:0000171 name: adult midgut def: "Region of the alimentary canal where digestion of the blood meal takes place. The midgut is the largest organ in the body ofthe tick." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-1; Fig. 6-2; Fig. 6-3; Fig. 9-1; Fig. 9-2; Fig. 9-4; Fig. 9-5; Fig. 9-6; Fig. 9-9; Fig. 9-10; Fig. 9-14; Fig. 9-15; Fig. 9-16; Fig. 9-17; Fig. 9-18; Fig. 9-19; Fig. 9-20; Fig. 9-24; Fig. 9-26; Fig. 9-27; Fig. 9-28; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000597 ! simple organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000170 ! adult alimentary system [Term] id: TADS:0000172 name: adult stomach def: "Cenral part of the midgut from which various diverticula emerge and spread in all three planes throughout the body. At the anterior end of the stomach is the proventriculus. The posterior end of the stomach is connected to the intestine through which wastes pass to the rectal sac." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-1; Fig. 6-2; Fig. 6-3; Fig. 9-2; Fig. 9-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Ventriculus" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000171 ! adult midgut [Term] id: TADS:0000173 name: adult anterior median diverticulum def: "Paired midgut diverticula that extend from the anterior diverticulum and proceed anteriorly into the median region of the bodytowards the capitulum." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-3; Fig. 9-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000175 ! adult midgut anterior diverticula [Term] id: TADS:0000174 name: adult anterior lateral diverticulum def: "Paired midgut diverticula that extend from antero-median diverticula anterolaterally into the lateral regions of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-3; Fig. 9-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000175 ! adult midgut anterior diverticula [Term] id: TADS:0000175 name: adult midgut anterior diverticula def: "Paired midgut diverticula that extend from the stomach (ventriculus) anteriorly and subdivide into the anterior median and theanterior lateral diverticula." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 9-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000172 ! adult stomach [Term] id: TADS:0000176 name: adult midgut lateral diverticula def: "Paired midgut diverticula that extend from the stomach (ventriculus) to the lateral regions of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-3; Fig. 9-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000172 ! adult stomach [Term] id: TADS:0000177 name: adult midgut postero-lateral diverticulum def: "Paired diverticula that extend from the stomach (ventriculus) to the postero-lateral margins of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-3; Fig. 9-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000172 ! adult stomach [Term] id: TADS:0000178 name: adult midgut postero-median diverticula def: "Paired diverticula that emerge from the postero-median region of the stomach (ventriculus) and extend into the mid-posteriorregions of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-3; Fig. 9-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000172 ! adult stomach [Term] id: TADS:0000179 name: adult proventriculus def: "Valve located at the junction of the esophagus and the antero-ventral region of the stomach portion of the midgut. The proventriculus is surrounded by several layers of smooth muscle fibers. The proventriculus opens when the pharynx contracts, allowing ingested blood to enter the midgut, but closes when the pharynx dilates. The latter is believed to prevent regurgitation of blood from the midgut back into the host. However, this remains a controversial issue since some authors (e.g., Burgdorfer et al. 1989) have argued that regurgitation can occur while others (Riberio et al. 1987) consider it unlikely. Connat (1991, Parasitol. Res. 77: 452 -454) showed compelling evidence of regurgitation using tritiated ecdysteroids). Thus, it appears that there is good evidence that it can occur in argasid ticks. Whether it can also occur in ixodid ticks is uncertain." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000597 ! simple organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000186 ! adult foregut [Term] id: TADS:0000180 name: adult midgut epithelial lining def: "Layer of epithelial cells comprising multiple cell types that carry out the secretory, absorptive and digestive functions of the midgut." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 9-4; Fig. 9-5; Fig. 9-6; Fig. 9-9; Fig. 9-10; Fig. 9-14; Fig. 9-15; Fig. 9-16; Fig. 9-17; Fig. 9-18; Fig. 9-19; Fig. 9-20; Fig. 9-21; Fig. 9-24; Fig. 9-26; Fig. 9-27; Fig. 9-28; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000171 ! adult midgut [Term] id: TADS:0000181 name: adult midgut smooth muscle layer def: "The outer layer of the midgut comprising a single layer of elongated smooth muscle cells that form the outer wall of this organ." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 9-6; Fig. 9-20; Fig. 9-27; Fig. 9-28; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000171 ! adult midgut [Term] id: TADS:0000182 name: adult midgut DGC I cell def: "Early stage digestive cell concerned with hemoglobin digestion. DGC I cells enlarge greatly during the early growth phase offeeding prior to mating. They fill with numerous inclusion bodies (phagolysosomes) containing hemoglobin in varying phases ofdigestion, but little hematin." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 9-14; Fig. 9-15; Fig. 9-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "De cells" [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000180 ! adult midgut epithelial lining [Term] id: TADS:0000183 name: adult Midgut DGC II cell def: "Midgut digestive cell in advanced stage of hemoglobin digestion. DGC II cells enlarge greatly and fill with masses of blackhematin residues which accumulate near the distal, luminal sides of the cells. Eventually, these cells rupture and their remnantsfloat freely in the midgut lumen." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 9-15; 9-24; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Dm cells " [] related_synonym: "SDS cells" [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000180 ! adult midgut epithelial lining [Term] id: TADS:0000184 name: adult midgut secretory cell def: "Differential epithelial cell that enlarge greatly during feeding and become flask shaped in appearance and fill with largenumbes of granule-filled vesicles. Secretion is accomplished by expulsion of the secretory granules (exocytosis). Coons et al (1986)dispute the existence of secretory cells and claim that they are merely different phases of digestive cell activity." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 9-15; 9-24; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "S1e cells" [] related_synonym: "S1m cells" [] related_synonym: "S2e cells" [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000180 ! adult midgut epithelial lining [Term] id: TADS:0000185 name: adult midgut lumen def: "The internal cavity within the midgut where ingested blood is contained and wastes from blood meal digestion accumulate." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 9-10; Fig. 9-17; Fig. 9-18; Fig. 9-19; Fig. 9-20; Fig. 9-22; Fig. 9-23; Fig. 9-24;Fig. 9-27; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000171 ! adult midgut [Term] id: TADS:0000186 name: adult foregut def: "Region of the alimentary system comprising the preoral canal (hypostomal groove or gutter), mouth, pharynx, esophagus andproventriculus." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 7-5; Fig. 7-6; Fig. 7-9; Fig. 7-10; Fig. 7-12;Fig. 7-13; Fig. 7-14; Fig. 7-15; Fig. 7-16; Fig. 7-17; Fig. 7-18; Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-3; Fig. 14-8; Fig. 14-16; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000592 ! anatomical system relationship: part_of TADS:0000170 ! adult alimentary system [Term] id: TADS:0000187 name: adult nervours/neuroendocrine system def: "This system consists of the synganglion, the peripheral nerves and the neuroendocrine systems consisting of 1) clusters ofneurosecretory cells located in specialized neurosecretory centers in the synganglion proper and 2) neurohaemal organs or tissuesadjacent to the synganglion." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000605 ! anatomical cluster [Term] id: TADS:0000188 name: adult synganglion def: "The synganglion constitutes the entire central nervous of the tick. There is no separate brain or ventral nerve chord. The synganglion is located in the midventral region of the body immediately posterior to the genital pore in adults or the location where the genital pore will form in immature specimens. The synganglion is a small white organ approximately 0.5 mm wide by 0.4 - .05 mm long. The esophagus penetrates through the synganglion, entering more or less from the anterior ventral side and emerging near theposterior dorsal side of the organ." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 6-1; Fig. 6-2; Fig. 6-3; Fig. 14-1; Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-3; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; Fig. 14-16; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "BRAIN" [] is_a: TADS:0000598 ! compound organ relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000187 ! adult nervours/neuroendocrine system [Term] id: TADS:0000189 name: adult synganglion supraessophageal region def: "Region of the synganglion lying anterior and dorsal to the esophagus. It is the smaller of the two major regions of the synganglion. It contains protocerebrumm cheliceral, palpal, optic ganglia and the stomadeal pons. An unpaired pharyngeal nerve andthe recurrent nerve also originate here and innervate the pharynx and the esophagus, respectively. The recurrent nerve runs alongside the esophagus to a hypoesophageal ganglion adjacent to the retrocerebral organ (ROC)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-3; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000188 ! adult synganglion [Term] id: TADS:0000190 name: adult synganglion subesophageal region def: "Region of the synganglion located ventral and posterior to the esophagus, hence the name. It is the largest part of the synganglion. It contains the 4 pairs of pedal ganglia, the olfactory ganglia and the opisthosomal (= ventral) ganglia." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-3; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Hyperesophageal ganglion" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000188 ! adult synganglion [Term] id: TADS:0000191 name: adult periganglionic sheath def: "Thin layer of squamous epithelial cells that form the outer wall of the periganglionic sinus." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000149 ! adult periganglionic sinus [Term] id: TADS:0000192 name: adult synganglion neurilemma def: "The neurilemma forms the outermost part of the synganglion. It consists of a layer of fibrous material organized in repititivelayers of fine lamellae and finely granular material in a sheath 2 - 5 microns thick." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-10;Fig. 14-11; Fig. 14-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000188 ! adult synganglion [Term] id: TADS:0000193 name: adult synganglion perineurium. def: "This structure lies immediately below the perineurium. It consists of a complex multiple layer of gmostly lial cells and their processes." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-10; Fig. 14-11; Fig. 14-12; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000188 ! adult synganglion [Term] id: TADS:0000194 name: adult synganglion cortical zone def: "Outer region of the synganglion containing the neuron cell bodies and the various neurosecretory centers." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-11; Fig. 14-12; Fig. 14-13; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Cortex" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000188 ! adult synganglion [Term] id: TADS:0000195 name: adult synganglion neuropile def: "Innermost region of the synganglion containing the fiber tracts made up of numerous axons and dendrites." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-6; Fig. 14-13; Fig. 14-14; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000188 ! adult synganglion [Term] id: TADS:0000196 name: adult synganglion cortical zone neuron type I def: "Type I neurons have perikarya that usually range in size from 6 - 9 microns (rarely, 27 - 35 microns). They have a pyriform shape narrowing at end one to funicle from which the axon and the dendrite diverge. They have a low cytoplasmic: nuclear ratio. Type I neurons are believed to function as motor neurons or motor-association neurons." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-11; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000194 ! adult synganglion cortical zone [Term] id: TADS:0000197 name: adult synganglion cortical zone neuron type II def: "Type II neurons are neurosecretory (NS) cells, 25 - 40 microns in size and filled with masses of neurosecretory vesicles. They have much larger cytoplasmic: nuclear ratio than the type I cells. Type II cells are located in neurosecretory centers." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-11; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "neurosecretory cells" [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000194 ! adult synganglion cortical zone [Term] id: TADS:0000198 name: adult synganglion cortical zone neuron type III def: "Type III neurons are small (6 microns) cells that represent a unique cell type limited tothe paired globuli on the ventralsurface of the synganglion anterior to the first pair of pedal ganglia." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000194 ! adult synganglion cortical zone [Term] id: TADS:0000199 name: adult synganglion protocerebrum def: "A large area of loosely organized neuropile that also contain glomeruli." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000189 ! adult synganglion supraessophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000200 name: adult synganglion glomeruli def: "Small areas of high density neuropile located within the protocerebrum." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000199 ! adult synganglion protocerebrum [Term] id: TADS:0000201 name: adult synganglion commissure def: "Transversely directed fiber tracts connecting bilaterally opposed glomeruli or ganglia." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000190 ! adult synganglion subesophageal region relationship: part_of TADS:0000199 ! adult synganglion protocerebrum [Term] id: TADS:0000202 name: adult synganglion connective def: "Longitudinally-directed fiber tracts connecting glomeruli or ganglia arranged in the antero-posterior axis with glomeruli or glomerular knots throughout the synganglion." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000188 ! adult synganglion [Term] id: TADS:0000203 name: adult synganglion cheliceral ganglia def: "Masses of neuron cell bodies from which the cheliceral nerves emerge. Located in the antero-dorsal region of the supra-esophageal region." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-3; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000189 ! adult synganglion supraessophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000204 name: adult synganglion palpal ganglia def: "Masses of neuron cell bodies from which the palpal nerves emerge. Located in the antero-dorsal region of the supra-esophagealregion." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-3; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000189 ! adult synganglion supraessophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000205 name: adult subostial space def: "The space located immediately below the ostium of the spiracle and connected to the atrial chamber." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-4; Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000043 ! adult respiratory system [Term] id: TADS:0000206 name: adult synganglion stomadeal pons def: "Site of origin of the unpaired pharyngeal nerve (=esophageal nerve) and the recurrent nerve (=stomatogastric nerve) to thehypoesophageal ganglion." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Stomadeal bridge" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000189 ! adult synganglion supraessophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000207 name: adult synganglion hyperesophageal ganglion def: "Located adjacent to the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC). Receives the recurrent nerve from the stomadeal pons." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000189 ! adult synganglion supraessophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000208 name: adult synganglion retrocerebral organ complex def: "The ROC is situated in the periganglionic sinus adjacent to the protocerebral neuropilar ganglion. In view of its location, theROC is believed to function as a neurohemal organ. Some authors believe that the ROC is not of neural origin (Severino et al. 1984)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-16; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000189 ! adult synganglion supraessophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000209 name: adult synganglion ROC unpaired lobe def: "The unpaired lobe is located in the dorsal median part of the organ complex." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000208 ! adult synganglion retrocerebral organ complex [Term] id: TADS:0000210 name: adult synganglion ROC paired lobe def: "The pair of lobes located on the ventral side of the ROC." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000208 ! adult synganglion retrocerebral organ complex [Term] id: TADS:0000211 name: adult synganglion anterodoral glomerulus def: "Center where axons from sensory neurons converge." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000189 ! adult synganglion supraessophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000212 name: adult synganglion posterodorsal glomerulus def: "Site where axons from certain sensory neurons converge. Dendrites extend from the glomeruli to other locations." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000189 ! adult synganglion supraessophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000213 name: adult synganglion pedal ganglion I def: "Ganglion from which the fibers that form the pedal nerve trunk I emerge." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000190 ! adult synganglion subesophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000214 name: adult synganglion pedal ganglion II def: "Ganglion from which the fibers that form the pedal nerve trunk II emerge." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000190 ! adult synganglion subesophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000215 name: adult synganglion pedal ganglion III def: "Ganglion from which the fibers that form the pedal nerve trunk IIII emerge." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000190 ! adult synganglion subesophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000216 name: adult synganglion pedal ganglion IV def: "Ganglion from which the fibers that form the pedal nerve trunk IV emerge." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000190 ! adult synganglion subesophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000217 name: adult synganglion olfactory lobe def: "Lobes containing the olfactory neuron cell bodies (=olfactory ganglia). Located medially to the pedal ganglia. Believed to receive the axons from the Haller's organ olfactoreceptors." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "olfactory ganglia" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000190 ! adult synganglion subesophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000218 name: adult synganglion olfactory glomeruli def: "Centers where axons from neurons associated with the olfactory lobes converge. Located internally and medial to the olfactory lobes." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000190 ! adult synganglion subesophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000219 name: adult synganglion ventral glomeruli def: "Center where axons from the opisthosomal (= ventral) ganglion converge." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000190 ! adult synganglion subesophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000220 name: adult synganglion opisthosomal ganglion def: "Fused ganglion containing the neuron cell bodies from which the paired opisthosomal and paraspiracular nerves originate. Located posterior and medial to the pedal ganglia. Believed to receive the axons from the Haller's organ olfactoreceptors." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-3; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; Fig. 14-9; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000190 ! adult synganglion subesophageal region [Term] id: TADS:0000221 name: adult peripheral nervous system def: "System comprising the nerves that innervate the various body, capitulum and leg structures." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-1; Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-16; Fig. 14-18; Fig. 14-19; Fig. 14-20; Fig. 14-21; Fig. 14-22; Fig. 14-23; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000187 ! adult nervours/neuroendocrine system [Term] id: TADS:0000222 name: adult peripheral nerves def: "The peripheral nerves are comprised almost exclusively of axons surrounded by glial cells and enclosed in an amorphous neurilemma. The neurilemma fuses with the glial cells to form a sheath around the individual axons or groups of axons termed the mesaxon. Mesaxons are a characteristic feature of tick peripheral nerves. Mesaxons do not occur in insects." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-18; Fig. 14-19; Fig. 14-20; Fig. 14-21; Fig. 14-22; Fig. 14-23; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000221 ! adult peripheral nervous system [Term] id: TADS:0000223 name: adult peripheral nerve mesaxon def: "A sheath that surrounds the individual axon or group of axons in a peripheral nerve. The mesaxon is formed by the fusion of the neurilemma withthe glial cells." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-22; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000224 name: adult glial cell def: "Non-neuronal cells that provide support and nourish the neurons and possibly help maintain homeostasis." [Wikipedia:www.wikipedia.org "www.wikipedia.org"] comment: Fig. 14-20; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000188 ! adult synganglion relationship: part_of TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000225 name: adult peripheral nerve trunk I def: "Large nerve that emerges from pedal ganglion I. The major branch of this nerve innervates the muscles of leg I. Minor branchestermed hemal nerves innervate the salivary glands, the periganglionic sheath, coxal muscles and possibly the dermal glands." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-1; Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000226 name: adult peripheral nerve trunk II def: "Large nerve that emerges from pedal ganglion II. The major branch of this nerve innervates the muscles of leg Ii. Minor branches termed hemal nerves innervate the salivary glands, the periganglionic sheath, coxal muscles and possibly the dermal glands." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-1; Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000227 name: adult peripheral nerve trunk III def: "Large nerve that emerges from pedal ganglion Iii. The major branch of this nerve innervates the muscles of leg IV. Minor branches termed hemal nerves innervate the salivary glands, the periganglionic sheath, coxal muscles and possibly the dermal glands." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-1; Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000228 name: adult peripheral nerve trunk IV def: "Large nerve that emerges from pedal ganglion IV. The major branch of this nerve innervates the muscles of leg IV. Minor branches termed hemal nerves innervate the salivary glands, the periganglionic sheath, coxal muscles and possibly the dermal glands." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-1; Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000229 name: adult cheliceral nerve def: "Nerve that emerges from the cheliceral ganglion and innervates the cheliceral muscles and chelicerae. Contains motor axons fromthe synganglion and presumably axons from the sensilla." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-1; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000230 name: adult palpal nerve def: "Nerve that emerges from the palpal ganglion and innervates the palps, including the sensory field at the tip of palpal articleIV. Contains motor axons from the synganglion and presumably axons from the sensilla." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-1; Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000231 name: adult pharyngeal nerve def: "Nerve that extends from the stomadeal pons to the pharynx and esophagus." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] related_synonym: "Esophageal nerve." [] is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves relationship: part_of TADS:0000000 ! adult capitulum relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body [Term] id: TADS:0000232 name: adult optic nerve def: "A pair of nerves that emerge from the optic ganglia and innervate the eyes. Contains axons from the sensory neurons in the eyes." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-1; Fig. 14-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000233 name: adult sensory neuron def: "A neuronal cell type concerned with sensory perception." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-1; Fig. 15-11; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Receptor neuron" [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000188 ! adult synganglion relationship: part_of TADS:0000296 ! adult peripheral sensillum [Term] id: TADS:0000234 name: adult tracheal trunk def: "Large cuticle lined tubes that extend from the atrial chambers and then subdivide into numerous individual tracheae." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000043 ! adult respiratory system [Term] id: TADS:0000235 name: adult opisthosomal nerve def: "A pair of nerves that extend from the opisthosomal ganglia on the ventral surface of the synganglion to various organs and tissues in the posterior region of the body." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-1; Fig. 14-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000236 name: adult neuroendocrine system def: "Collection of neurohaemal organs adjacent to the synganglion and neurosecretory centers in the synganglion. The neuroendocrinesystem is responsible for secretion of bioactive molecules that regulate physiological processes in the tick." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; Fig. 14-16; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000187 ! adult nervours/neuroendocrine system [Term] id: TADS:0000237 name: adult retrocerebral organ complex (ROC) def: "The retrocerebral oran complex is a major neurohaemal organ located in a neurohaemal sinus that connects with the periganglionic sinus around the synganglion. The ROC is located immediately above the posterior dorsal region of the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. The ROC consists of an unpaired dorsal lobe and paired ventral lobes. Regarded as an important neurohaemal organ but its precise role remains uncertain." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-5; Fig. 14-16; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000245 ! adult neurohaemal organ is_a: TADS:0000598 ! compound organ [Term] id: TADS:0000238 name: adult hemocyte def: "Cells found in the hemolymph. Four cell types have been recognized in ticks, prohemocytes, plasmatocytes and two types ofgranulocytes, type I and type II and spherulocytes. In some literature, a type known as the oenocytoid is also described but itsstatus is somewhat controversial." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-2; Fig. 11-3; Fig. 11-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000146 ! adult circulatory system relationship: part_of TADS:0000272 ! adult hemocoel [Term] id: TADS:0000239 name: adult prohemocyte def: "Prohemocytes are the stem cells from which all other hemocytes develop. They are small, round or oval cells with very little cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus. Prohemocytes constitute a very small proportion of the hemocyte population." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-3; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000238 ! adult hemocyte [Term] id: TADS:0000240 name: adult plasmatocyte def: "Plasmatocytes are relatively small oval, suboval or fusiform cells but without granules. The plasma membrane shows blunt or filamentous projections. They often show prominent inclusion bodies and vacuoles indicative of substances that have been ingested. Plasmatocytes are believed to function as phagocytes and play a major role in phagocytosis." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-4; Fig. 11-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000238 ! adult hemocyte [Term] id: TADS:0000241 name: adult granulocyte type I def: "Type I granulocytes are hemocytes with numerous diverse inclusion bodies of varying density, some that are very electron denseand believed rich in lipids, others that are electron lucent and contain a matrix of fibrillar material." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-6; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000238 ! adult hemocyte [Term] id: TADS:0000242 name: adult granulocyte type II def: "Type II granulocytes are hemocytes that are easily recognized by the presence of a single type of electron dense, homogenous granules. In addition to their role in phagocytosis, these cells also serve to encapsulate foreign material too large to be ingested. They are believed to be the primary cell that degranulates and forms around bacterial cell clusters or inanimate objects. Proteases have been found localized in the granules of granulocytes in Ornithodoros moubata (Inoue et al. 2001). Whereas gram positive bacteria may be destroyed by defensins secreted from granulocytes (Johns et al. 2000), gram negative bacteria are immobilized in clusters by secretion of lectin-like Dorin-M (Kovar et al. 2000) and surrounded by hemocytes, a non-melanotic encapsulation process known as nodulation (Ceraul et al. 2002)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-7; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000238 ! adult hemocyte [Term] id: TADS:0000243 name: adult spherulocyte def: "Small round or ovoid cells contain few, large granules filled with a matrix of fibrillar material. They are similar to type I granulocytes, but are not fusiform and do not show filamentous filopod extensions from the plasma membrane." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 11-8; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000238 ! adult hemocyte [Term] id: TADS:0000244 name: adult Oenocytoid def: "Cell type of uncertain status. The literature concerning the occurrence of this type of cell in ticks is unclear. Oenocytoids were reported to occur in Rhipicephalus (=Boophilus) microplus (Silva et al. 2006. Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 15:128 - 131). Oenocytoids are an important cell type in the hemolymph of insects and are associated with melanotic encapsulation." [ISSN:1516-635X.] is_a: TADS:0000238 ! adult hemocyte [Term] id: TADS:0000245 name: adult neurohaemal organ def: "Neuroendocrine organs located in the hemolymph adjacent to the synganglia. Two types occur, the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC) and the lateral segmental organs (LSO)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; Fig. 14-14; Fig. 14-15; Fig. 14-16; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000236 ! adult neuroendocrine system [Term] id: TADS:0000246 name: adult neurosecretory center def: "Neurosecretory centers are clusters of two or neurosecretory cell types, cells that fill with neurosecretory granules thatmigrate along the axons of these neurons to the target cells, tissues or organs. Neurosecretory centers are identified byparaldehyde-fuchsin staining. A total of 18 neurosecretory centers have been found in the synganglion, of which 2 are unpaired." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000236 ! adult neuroendocrine system [Term] id: TADS:0000247 name: adult lateral segmental organs def: "Small cell clusters located in the lateral nerve plexus on the lateral sides of the synganglion. The cells of the LSO exhibitultrastructural characteristics consistent with steroid hormone secreting tissues. The LSO may be associated with hormonal functions. Previously thought to be site for ecdysteroid biosynthesis and secretion, that is now known to be carried out in the epidermisfollowing stimulation by the synganglion (Lomas et al. 1997)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-1; Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "LSO" [] is_a: TADS:0000245 ! adult neurohaemal organ is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue relationship: part_of TADS:0000260 ! adult lateral nerve plexus [Term] id: TADS:0000248 name: adult neurosecretory tract def: "Fiber tracts in the neuropile of the synaganglion that connect the various neurosecretory centers and the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000236 ! adult neuroendocrine system [Term] id: TADS:0000249 name: adult retrocerebral organ complex vascular sheath def: "This is the sheath that surrounds the retrocerebral organ complex. It is formed by the fusion of extensions from the neurilemmaand the perineurium. Extensions of this sheath from a neurohaemal sinus that opens into the periganglionic sinus, facilitating the passage of secretions from the ROC into the hemolymph." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000208 ! adult synganglion retrocerebral organ complex relationship: part_of TADS:0000237 ! adult retrocerebral organ complex (ROC) [Term] id: TADS:0000250 name: adult retrocerebral organ complex neurohaemal sinus def: "This is the sinus (cavity) formed by the extensions of the vascular sheath surrounding the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC). The neurohaemal sinus opens into the periganglionic sinus around the synganglion." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000249 ! adult retrocerebral organ complex vascular sheath [Term] id: TADS:0000251 name: adult neurosecretory center 1 def: "A unpaired neurosecretory center located in the supraesophageal region of the syngangion." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue [Term] id: TADS:0000252 name: adult neurosecretory center 2 def: "A pair of neurosecetory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These paired centers occur just posterior to neurosecretory center number 1." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue [Term] id: TADS:0000253 name: adult neurosecretory center 3 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These centers are located along the edge of the protocerebrum lateral to neurosecretory cente rnumber 2." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue [Term] id: TADS:0000254 name: adult neurosecretory center 4 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These centers are located along the edge of the postero-lateral part of the protocerebrum posterior to neurosecretory center number 3." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue [Term] id: TADS:0000255 name: adult neurosecretory center 5 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region. These centers are located just anterior to the cheliceral ganglia." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue [Term] id: TADS:0000256 name: adult neurosecretory center 6 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These centers are located near thecheliceral ganglia adjacent (lateral) to neurosecretory centers number 5." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue [Term] id: TADS:0000257 name: adult neurosecretory center 7 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These centers are located along thelateral edge of the region near the ventro-lateral edge of the protocerebrum." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue [Term] id: TADS:0000258 name: adult neurosecretory center 8 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These centers are located along the edge of the stomadeal pons." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-.19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue [Term] id: TADS:0000259 name: adult neurosecretory center 9 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These centers are located near the anterior edge of this region just above the esophageal nerve." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center is_a: TADS:0000607 ! portion of tissue [Term] id: TADS:0000260 name: adult lateral nerve plexus def: "This plexus occurs along the lateral edge of the synganglion and is formed from branches of the pedal nerve trunks. The lateralsegmental organs (LSO) lie embedded in this plexus." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000225 ! adult peripheral nerve trunk I relationship: part_of TADS:0000226 ! adult peripheral nerve trunk II relationship: part_of TADS:0000227 ! adult peripheral nerve trunk III relationship: part_of TADS:0000228 ! adult peripheral nerve trunk IV [Term] id: TADS:0000261 name: adult neurosecretory center 10 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to pedal ganglion II." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center [Term] id: TADS:0000262 name: adult neurosecretory center 11 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located along the ventrolateral margin of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to pedal ganglia I and II." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center [Term] id: TADS:0000263 name: adult neurosecretory center 12 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located along the lateral margins of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to pedal ganglia II." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center [Term] id: TADS:0000264 name: adult neurosecretory center 13 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located along the lateral margins of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to pedal ganglia II and III." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center [Term] id: TADS:0000265 name: adult neurosecretory center 14 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located along the lateral margins of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to pedal ganglion III." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; 14-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center [Term] id: TADS:0000266 name: adult neurosecretory center 15 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located along the lateral margins of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to pedal ganglion IV." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center [Term] id: TADS:0000267 name: adult neurosecretory center 16 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located along the postero-ventral margins of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to the opisthosomal ganglia." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center [Term] id: TADS:0000268 name: adult neurosecretory center 17 def: "A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the postero-median region of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to the paired opithosomal ganglia." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center [Term] id: TADS:0000269 name: adult neurosecretory center 18 def: "A large, unpaired neurosecretory center located in the median ventral part of the subesophageal region of the synganglion." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-2; Fig. 14-4; Fig. 14-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000246 ! adult neurosecretory center [Term] id: TADS:0000270 name: adult accessroy nerve ROC def: "One of the peripheral nerves from the synganglion to the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000271 name: adult compound nerve ROC def: "A nerve from the synganglion to the center of the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; Fig. 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000272 name: adult hemocoel def: "The fluid filled interior of the body, capitulum and legs not occupied by organs or tissues. The hemocoel is filled with hemolymph." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000586 ! anatomical space relationship: part_of TADS:0000000 ! adult capitulum relationship: part_of TADS:0000001 ! adult body relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg [Term] id: TADS:0000273 name: adult retrocerebral organ complex dorsal lobe def: "The upper lobe of the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000237 ! adult retrocerebral organ complex (ROC) [Term] id: TADS:0000274 name: adult retrocerebral organ complex ventral lobe def: "The paired ventral regions of the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000237 ! adult retrocerebral organ complex (ROC) [Term] id: TADS:0000275 name: adult hypogastric nerve def: "A pair of nerves that innervates the dorsal lobe of the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000276 name: adult priN-ROC def: "The principal nerve innervating the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 14-16; Fig, 14-17; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. is_a: TADS:0000222 ! adult peripheral nerves [Term] id: TADS:0000277 name: adult anterior cerebral anastomosis trunk def: "Tracheal trunk leading to the capitulum." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 12-5; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000234 ! adult tracheal trunk [Term] id: TADS:0000278 name: adult coxa def: "The leg segment where the leg is attached to the body. Powerful coxal muscles from the body wall move the coxa and, as aresult, the entire leg in an antero-posterior direction." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 2-3; Fig. 4-1; Fig. 4-20; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg [Term] id: TADS:0000279 name: adult trochanter def: "The segment of the leg that is attached to the coxa on the proximal side and the femur on the distal side. The trochanter canbe flexed or extended by internal muscles from the coxa to the trochanter. Soft articulatory cuticle occurs between the two joints." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-20, with permission from the editor, Journal of Parasitology. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg [Term] id: TADS:0000280 name: adult femur def: "The segment of the leg that articulates with the trochanter on the proximal side and the tibia on the distal side. Internal leg muscles from the trochanter enable the joint to flex and extend. In some species, the femur may appear to be divided into a basifemur and a telofemur but this is superficial since it is not reflected in the internal musculature." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-20, with permission from the editor, Journal of Parasitology. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg [Term] id: TADS:0000281 name: adult tibia def: "The segment of the leg that articulates between the femur on the proximal side and the metatarsus on the distal side. Internal muscles from the femur enable the segment to flex and extend so that the leg can be flexed against the body for protection or extendedfor walking." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-20, with permission from the editor, Journal of Parasitology. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg [Term] id: TADS:0000282 name: adult patella def: "Region of the leg between the femur and the tibia. Capable of flexion and extension." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-20, with permission from the editor, Journal of Parasitology. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg [Term] id: TADS:0000283 name: adult tarsus def: "Terminal segment of the leg that bears the claws, pulvillus (when present) and the Haller's organ. Some authors subdivide the tarsus into a posterior metatarsus and the anterior tarsus, but this is a superficial separation since there is no joint or muscle distinction." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-20, with permission from the editor, Journal of Parasitology. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg [Term] id: TADS:0000284 name: adult apotele def: "The apotele comprises the claws and the pulvillus on a hinged joint at the tip of the tarsus. The entire structure is capableof movement, flexing and extending in the same plane (1 degree of freedom)." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-21; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg [Term] id: TADS:0000285 name: adult claw def: "Curved claws at the end of the apotele." [ISBN:0-19-5505910-7 "0-19-5505910-7"] relationship: part_of TADS:0000284 ! adult apotele [Term] id: TADS:0000286 name: adult pulvillus def: "Pad located at the end of the apotele under the claws. Used for climbing. Absent in argasid adults and nymphs." [ISBN:0-19-5505910-7 "0-19-5505910-7"] relationship: part_of TADS:0000284 ! adult apotele [Term] id: TADS:0000287 name: adult Haller's organ def: "Sensory structure located on the dorsal surface of the tarsus. Contains structures used for odor detection and other sensory functions." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-22; Fig. 4-23; Fig. 4-24; Fig. 15-10; Fig. 15-11; Fig. 15-12; Fig. 15-13; Fig. 15-14; Fig. 15-15; Fig. 15-17; Fig. 15-18; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000002 ! adult leg [Term] id: TADS:0000288 name: adult Haller's organ posterior capsule def: "A cavity on the dorsal surface of the tarsus of leg I that contains a number of single-walled multiporose olfactosensilla and other apparently non-sensory setae. The sensilla are innervated by as many as 29 sensory neurons. In most ixodid ticks, the roof ofthe capsule has a thin, narrow slit. In a species of the genus Ixodes, the opening is large and circular. In some argasid ticks, the roof of the capsule is perforated with a reticulated lattice instead of a simple roof." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-21; with permission from the editor, Journal of Parasitology; Fig. 4-22; Fig. 15-12; Fig. 15-13; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000287 ! adult Haller's organ [Term] id: TADS:0000289 name: adult Haller's organ anterior pit def: "A depression on the dorsal surface of the tarsus of leg I located distal to the posterior capsule. The anterior pit is usuallysurrounded by a prominent ridge. In most ixodid ticks, the anterior pit contains 6 or 7 setiform sensilla, including one or moremultiporose sensilla serving as olfactosensilla, tip pore that serve as gustatory sensilla and still others that are grooved fine andno-pore sensilla that are probably mechanosensilla. At least one of the tip pore setae is a multifunctional sensilla. In Rhipicephalus (= Boophilus) microplus, 3 of the anterior pit sensilla are grooved double-walled porous sensilla with the pores in the grooves while other lackpores. In argasid ticks, the anterior pit typically contains 9 sensilla, although the number is variable among the species. Several multiporose olfactosensilla are recognized, along with grooved sensilla and no-pore mechanosensory setae." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-22; Fig. 4-23; Fig. 4-24; Fig. 15-10; Fig. 15-11; Fig. 15-12; Fig. 15-13; Fig. 15-14; Fig. 15-15; Fig. 15-18; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000287 ! adult Haller's organ [Term] id: TADS:0000290 name: adult Haller's organ precapsular seta def: "Two or more multiporose setiform sensilla located on the dorsal surface of Tarsus I immediately distal to the anterior pitportion of Haller's organ. Although not technically a part of either the anterior pit or the posterior capsule, these odorant sensilla function in the same role as the odorant sensilla in the body of Haller's organ and, consequently, are considered as functionally part of the organ." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-10; Fig. 15-11; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000287 ! adult Haller's organ [Term] id: TADS:0000291 name: adult Haller's organ anterior pit MD-1 sensillum def: "A large multiporose setiform sensillum which functions as a olfactosensory sensillum. This multiporose sensillum has up to 15dendrites. In Amblyomma americanum, this sensillum is innervated by 5 neurons." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-6; Fig. 15-11; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "AP1 multiporose sensillum" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000289 ! adult Haller's organ anterior pit [Term] id: TADS:0000292 name: adult Haller's organ anterior pit MD2 sensillum def: "A large multiporose setiform sensillum which functions as a olfactosensory sensillum. In Amblyomma americanum, this sensillumis innervated by 9 neurons." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] related_synonym: "AP2 multiporose sensillum" [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000289 ! adult Haller's organ anterior pit [Term] id: TADS:0000293 name: adult Haller's organ postcapsular seta def: "A group of 4 setae (typically) located immediately posterior (proximal) to the posterior capsule of Haller's organ. Function unknown. Although not specifically part of the organ, they are sufficiently close as to form a part of the anatomy of Haller's organ and may contribute to its function." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000287 ! adult Haller's organ [Term] id: TADS:0000294 name: adult Haller's organ capsular seta def: "Setae located in the posterior capsule of Haller's organ. Typically, 4 of the setae are single-walled multiporose sensilla and are innervated by one or more dendrites. As many as 8 other sensilla are simple setiform structures known as pleomorphs that are not innervated." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 4-23; Fig. 15-11; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. related_synonym: "Pleomorphs: not sensory components of the capsule. Not to be confused with sensory setae." [] relationship: part_of TADS:0000288 ! adult Haller's organ posterior capsule [Term] id: TADS:0000295 name: adult Haller's organ gland def: "A small internal gland composed of up to 4 cells located immediately below the Haller's organ within tarsus I." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 15-11; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000287 ! adult Haller's organ [Term] id: TADS:0000296 name: adult peripheral sensillum def: "A tissue comprised of one or more sensory neurons and sheatrh cells (thecogen cells) which secrete an amorphous sheath, the scolopale, that surrounds and insulates the neuron cell bodies and their dendrites. Sheath cells are reported to occur in arachnids (Tichy and Barth 1992: Microsc.Res. Tech. 22: 372-391). Thecogen cells have also been confirmed in the tick Amblyomma variegatum by Steullet (1993, Perception of vertebrate volatiles in the tropical bont tick Amblyomma variegatum; dissertation at the University of Neuchatel, Switzerland)." [Google:Steullet 1993 "Steullet 1993"] relationship: part_of TADS:0000221 ! adult peripheral nervous system [Term] id: TADS:0000297 name: adult thecogen cell def: "A cell found in the peripheral sensilla that surrounds the neuron cell bodies and the proximal parts of their dendrites." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] related_synonym: "Sheath cell" [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell [Term] id: TADS:0000298 name: adult peripheral sensilla scolopale def: "An amorphous sheath secreted by the thecogen cells that surrounds the sensory neurons and the proximal parts of their dendrites." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] relationship: part_of TADS:0000296 ! adult peripheral sensillum [Term] id: TADS:0000299 name: adult peripheral sensilla trichogen cell def: "A type of cell found in the sensillum that surround the sensory neuron dendrites and nourishes them; presumably functioning inion transport." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000296 ! adult peripheral sensillum [Term] id: TADS:0000300 name: adult peripheral sensilla tormogen cell def: "Cells that contribute to the formation of the sensillum." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] related_synonym: "Auxilliary cells " [] is_a: TADS:0000594 ! cell relationship: part_of TADS:0000296 ! adult peripheral sensillum [Term] id: TADS:0000301 name: adult seta def: "A hair like process that extends from the cuticle to the exterior. The seta is the most common type of sensillum. The seta isinserted into a socket, a depression in the cuticle surrounded by a slight ridge. The interior of the seta is hollow and connected directly to a duct that extends through the cuticle to the epidermis. Several neurons embedded in the epidermis innervate the setiform sensillum, sending dendrites into the shaft of the seta. Axons from the neuron cell bodies extend into the interior of the body and communicate via nerves to the synganglion. Most setae are simple, without pores and serve as mechanosensilla and are innervated by mechanosensory neurons. Specialized setae have either single pores at the tip (gustatory sensilla), pores all over the sensilla (olfactosensilla) or pores in ridges along the side walls or with grooves that lack pores. These latter sensilla are believed to function as hygrosensilla or thermosensilla or both." [ISBN:0-19-505910-7] comment: Fig. 5-1; Fig. 5-10; in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. relationship: part_of TADS:0000000 ! adult capitulum relationship: part_of TADS:00